41409 – Other professional occupations in social science
Lead statement
Anthropologists conduct studies of the origin, development and functioning of human societies and cultures and of human evolution, changing physical characteristics and geographical distribution.
Main duties
- Conduct studies of the origin, development and functioning of human societies and cultures and of human evolution, changing physical characteristics and geographical distribution.
- Study artifacts (objects and structures) to reconstruct past economic, social, political and intellectual life.
- Study and analyse the spatial distribution and interrelationship of physical, biological, cultural and social patterns.
- Conduct research into one or more phases or aspects of past human activity and interpret and document findings.
- Study the origin, structure and development of languages and apply linguistic theory to problems in teaching, translation and communications.
- Conduct research into the theory, origin, development, interrelationships and functioning of political institutions, political movements and individual political behaviour.
- Develop psychological tests, scales and measures, and may administer or apply and interpret such tests, scales and measures. Psychometrists administer and score psychological tests, usually under the supervision of a registered psychologist.
- Study the development, structure, social patterns and interrelationships of human society.
- Specialize in particular areas of social sciences and humanities disciplines. These include gerontologists (specialists in the phenomena and problems of aging), graphoanalysts (specialists in handwriting analysis) and others.
Employment requirements
- A master's or doctoral degree in the discipline is usually required.
- In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body for criminologists is required to use the title “Criminologist”.
Example job titles
anthropologist · linguistic anthropologist · social anthropologist · applied anthropologist · archaeological consultant · archaeologist · archaeological field worker · geographer · political geographer · urban geographer · cultural geographer · economic historian · historian · quantitative historian · social historian · etymologist · linguist · sociolinguist · political scientist · politicist · psychometrist · psychometrician · medical sociologist · sociologist · social scientist · urban sociologist · scientific handwriting expert · philosopher · graphologist · genealogist · criminologist
Wages (per hour)
| Province / territory | Low | Median | High |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | $26.15 | $40.00 | $62.00 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | $25.50 | $39.86 | $50.58 |
| Nova Scotia | $25.63 | $36.96 | $54.56 |
| New Brunswick | $26.30 | $41.58 | $57.60 |
| Quebec | $26.95 | $39.38 | $58.26 |
| Ontario | $25.00 | $39.20 | $55.38 |
| Manitoba | $25.91 | $36.33 | $49.23 |
| Saskatchewan | $25.53 | $39.37 | $53.26 |
| Alberta | $27.63 | $41.64 | $54.56 |
| British Columbia | $25.88 | $40.31 | $58.66 |
Source: Job Bank wages, 2025 release (ESDC). Low and high are the 10th and 90th percentiles.
Occupation details: ESDC OaSIS 2025, based on NOC 2021.